185 research outputs found
From maid to mother: Transforming facilities, staff training, and caregiver dignity in an institutional facility for young children in Nepal
This article provides a case study of a project to improve the health, safety, and development of children birth to 6 years old in a large orphanage in Nepal. Two interventions were conducted: improvement of physical infrastructure and training, mentoring, and support for caregiving staff. As a result of these interventions, positive outcomes in terms of children\u27s health and development have been observed, including reduction of communicable diseases and increased social interactions with caregivers. As part of the new training initiative, the caregivers began to meet regularly to share their ideas and experiences, and came to realize their vital role in the holistic development of the children in their care. One important change was a greater sense of dignity for the caregivers. The caregivers were formerly called Maids(Aaya), but asked to be called Mothers(Aama). The project also faced challenges, including communication barriers related to organizational structure
Facile Functionalization of a Metal Carbon Bond by O-Atom Transfer
The facile conversion of M−R to M−OR that could be useful for the functionalization of electron-rich metal alkyl intermediates is shown to proceed via a Baeyer−Villiger-type pathway involving a nonredox, electrophilic, O-atom insertion in reactions with non-peroxo O-donors
Impacts of ocean deoxygenation on fisheries
The effects of deoxygenation on fisheries can, at times,
be difficult to truly isolate and quantify, but nevertheless
are important. Effects manifest themselves through the
dynamics of the populations and the fishery, and often
co-vary with other environmental variables. Furthermore,
oxygen and fisheries dynamics are both dependent on
local conditions, making most analyses complicated
and dependent on extensive data and modelling to
account for the site-specific conditions
Implementing GDPR in the Charity Sector: A Case Study
Due to their organisational characteristics, many charities
are poorly prepared for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
We present an exemplar process for implementing GDPR and the DPIA
Data Wheel, a DPIA framework devised as part of the case study, that
accounts for these characteristics. We validate this process and framework by conducting a GDPR implementation with a charity that works
with vulnerable adults. This charity processes both special category (sensitive) and personally identifiable data. This GDPR implementation was
conducted and devised for the charity sector, but can be equally applied
in any organisation that needs to implement GDPR or conduct DPIAs
Norms of Presentational Force
This is the author's accepted manuscript, made available with permission of the American Forensic Association.Can style or presentational devices reasonably compel us to believe, agree, act? I submit that they can, and that the normative pragmatic project explains how. After describing a normative pragmatic approach to presentational force, I analyze and evaluate presentational force in Susan B. Anthony's "Is it a Crime for a U. S. Citizen to Vote" as it apparently proceeds from logic, emotion, and style. I conclude with reflections on the compatibility of the normative pragmatic approach with the recently-developed pragma-dialectical treatment of presentational devices
Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from a Seronegative Organ and Tissue Donor
Abstract BACKGROUND
Since 1985, donors of organs or tissues for transplantation in the United States have been screened for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and more than 60,000 organs and 1 million tissues have been transplanted. We describe a case of transmission of HIV-1 by transplantation of organs and tissues procured between the time the donor became infected and the appearance of antibodies. The donor was a 22-year-old man who died 32 hours after a gunshot wound; he had no known risk factors for HIV-1 infection and was seronegative. METHODS
We reviewed the processing and distribution of all the transplanted organs and tissues, reviewed the medical histories of the donor and HIV-1—infected recipients, tested stored donor lymphocytes for HIV-1 by viral culture and the polymerase chain reaction, and tested stored serum samples from four organ recipients for HIV-1 antigen and antibody. RESULTS
HIV-1 was detected in cultured lymphocytes from the donor. Of 58 tissues and organs obtained from the donor, 52 could be accounted for by the hospitals that received them. Of the 48 identified recipients, 41 were tested for HIV-1 antibody. All four recipients of organs and all three recipients of unprocessed fresh-frozen bone were infected with HIV-1. However, 34 recipients of other tissues — 2 receiving corneas, 3 receiving lyophilized soft tissue, 25 receiving ethanol-treated bone, 3 receiving dura mater treated with gamma radiation, and 1 receiving marrow-evacuated, fresh-frozen bone — tested negative for HIV-1 antibody. Despite immunosuppressive chemotherapy, HIV-1 antibody appeared between 26 and 54 days after transplantation in the three organ recipients who survived more than 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS
Although rare, transmission of HIV-1 by seronegative organ and tissue donors can occur. Improvements in the methods used to screen donors for HIV-1, advances in techniques of virus inactivation, prompt reporting of HIV infection in recipients, and accurate accounting of distributed allografts would help to reduce further this already exceedingly low risk. (N Engl J Med 1992;326:726–32.
- …